运输 · 膜泡
囊泡与马达蛋白
轨道上的快递

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一个驱动蛋白(放慢了约 60 倍,以便您看清)“手拉手”地交替迈步,朝微管的正端走去,每迈出 8 nm 的一步就消耗一个 ATP。在别处,囊泡与质膜融合,一小股一小股地释放货物。
货物装在直径 50~100 nm 的有被膜泡或更大的膜管里,往来于各区室之间。马达蛋白拖着它们沿微管前进:驱动蛋白向外走向质膜,而动力蛋白经动力蛋白激活蛋白和一个接头蛋白激活后,往回走向细胞中心。
在细胞表面,分泌囊泡与质膜融合,把内容物倾泻到细胞外(胞吐作用)。网格蛋白有被小窝则向内凹陷、缢断,把物质带进细胞(胞吞作用)。
- 囊泡大小
- 50~100 nm(有被小泡)
- 驱动蛋白步长
- 8 nm · 1 个 ATP
- 最高速度
- ≈ 0.8 µm/s
- 诺贝尔奖
- 2013 年 · 囊泡运输
您知道吗?
驱动蛋白的两只“脚”确实是轮流迈步的:每走一步,后面那只都会越过前面那只。2004 年,单分子追踪证实了这种“手拉手”式的行走。
资料来源
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